By Abdifatah Shirwa, independent Researcher & Regional Security analyst.
Recent tensions in Puntland have highlighted the intersection of local security concerns and the treatment of foreign nationals within the region. Authorities have quickly addressed claims that Ethiopian nationals were killed, asserting that such reports are false. The incident, which involved stones being thrown at immigrants, was promptly managed by local law enforcement, and those responsible have been detained. This clarification comes amid growing scrutiny of foreign nationals, particularly in the context of Operation Hilaac, a major security campaign aimed at eliminating ISIS-affiliated groups operating in the region.
Context: Operation Hilaac and its Implications
Operation Hilaac is a significant military initiative designed to neutralize ISIS elements in Puntland and the broader Horn of Africa. Launched as part of ongoing counterterrorism efforts, the operation targets both local and foreign operatives suspected of collaborating with ISIS, a group responsible for numerous destabilizing activities in the region. The operation has intensified with the growing presence of ISIS affiliates, with reports indicating that foreign fighters—specifically Syrians, Yemenis, and Ethiopians—are playing an active role in these networks.
The operation has seen substantial territorial gains by Puntland forces. In one of the fiercest clashes last week, Puntland forces successfully dislodged ISIS militants from Turmasaale, a strategic location approximately 150 kilometers southeast of Bosaso. Before the Turmasaale clashes, Puntland forces had seized several caves, camps, and small villages largely unopposed, weakening the militants’ position and disrupting their operations.
The stakes of Operation Hilaac are high, as Puntland is not only focused on dismantling ISIS cells but also working to protect the broader Horn of Africa from extremist threats. However, the operation’s emphasis on foreign nationals—particularly those suspected of aiding ISIS—has unintentionally stoked suspicion and xenophobia in some communities. This has placed foreign residents, including Syrians, Yemenis, and Ethiopians, in a precarious position, fueling tensions between local populations and immigrant communities.
The Incident and Broader Concerns
The recent incident, in which stones were thrown at foreign nationals, underscores the volatile intersection between counterterrorism efforts and local perceptions of foreigners. While authorities acted swiftly to address the situation, arresting those responsible, it highlights the challenges faced by the government in maintaining a balance between national security and ensuring the protection of all residents.
Reports suggesting that Puntland security forces are targeting foreign nationals linked to extremist groups have fueled concerns within immigrant communities that they could be unfairly profiled or caught in the crossfire of broader security operations. This dynamic creates a tense atmosphere, where foreign nationals—who may have no connection to ISIS—find themselves vulnerable to suspicion and hostility from local communities.
The Government’s Response: Controlling Public Sentiment
In response to these tensions, Puntland’s Ministry of Interior has issued official statements urging the public not to harm foreign residents, emphasizing that security operations should not lead to xenophobia or vigilantism. The government’s swift actions in apprehending those responsible for the stone-throwing incident and its clear stance against such actions reflect its commitment to maintaining order and ensuring the protection of all residents, regardless of nationality.
However, the broader issue remains: the government’s efforts to eliminate ISIS operatives must be carefully managed to prevent alienating foreign nationals who may be innocently caught up in the conflict. The leak of sensitive information regarding the identification of foreign ISIS collaborators has only heightened fears and suspicions. As a result, it is crucial for Puntland authorities to maintain transparency in their operations and engage in public outreach to mitigate the risk of further escalation.
Navigating the Complexities of Counterterrorism and Immigration
The situation in Puntland reflects a recurring challenge faced by countries in the Horn of Africa: how to balance effective counterterrorism operations with the protection of foreign nationals. The presence of ISIS in the region complicates this issue, as foreign nationals—often viewed as potential suspects—become targets of both government scrutiny and public resentment. This is especially challenging in a region where ethnic and national identities are closely tied to political and security concerns.
For Puntland, the central question is how to continue its fight against terrorism without further alienating immigrant populations. Effective intelligence-sharing, transparent operations, and clear public messaging that emphasizes the safety and rights of foreign nationals are essential to maintaining social cohesion during these challenging times.
Conclusion: The Future of Puntland’s Security and Foreign Nationals
As Operation Hilaac progresses, Puntland’s government will need to maintain a careful balance between robust counterterrorism measures and the protection of foreign residents. This issue is particularly pertinent as the operation targets not only local insurgents but also international fighters who have infiltrated the region. While the government has taken steps to address incidents like the stone-throwing attack and has reaffirmed its commitment to public safety, it must continue to manage public sentiment to ensure that foreign nationals are not unfairly stigmatized in the process.
In conclusion, Operation Hilaac represents a pivotal moment in Puntland’s security landscape. While the success of the operation depends on military effectiveness, it also hinges on the ability of the government to maintain public trust and ensure that counterterrorism efforts do not inadvertently exacerbate social divisions.
